xDSL is a collective term that encompasses a variety of digital subscriber line (DSL) technologies designed for data transmission over telephone lines. These technologies include Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL), High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL), and Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL), among others. Each of these technologies offers different capabilities and speeds, catering to various needs for internet connectivity. ADSL, for instance, is commonly used for residential internet access, providing faster download speeds compared to upload speeds. HDSL is often employed in business settings for its symmetric data transfer rates, which means it offers equal upload and download speeds. VDSL, on the other hand, provides very high data rates over short distances, making it suitable for applications requiring high bandwidth, such as streaming high-definition video or online gaming. Collectively, xDSL technologies have played a significant role in expanding broadband access and improving internet connectivity for both residential and commercial users.